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Here is the code snippet by which we can create Magento shopping cart price rule, i.e the rule which is applied on shopping cart while customer add his/her product to shopping cart.

shopping cart price rule can be divided in 3 parts
1. Information of the rule
2. Condition that will be applied on the rule.
3. Action that will be taken.

$name = "cutom programmatically created rule"; // name of  Rule
$websiteId = 1;
$customerGroupId = 2;
$actionType = 'by_percent'; // discount by percentage(other options are: by_fixed, cart_fixed, buy_x_get_y)
$discount = 10; // percentage discount
$sku = 'RBT67'; // product sku
 
$shoppingCartPriceRule = Mage::getModel('salesrule/rule');
 
$shoppingCartPriceRule
    ->setName($name)
    ->setDescription('')
    ->setIsActive(1)
    ->setWebsiteIds(array($websiteId))
    ->setCustomerGroupIds(array($customerGroupId))
    ->setFromDate('')
    ->setToDate('')
    ->setSortOrder('')
    ->setSimpleAction($actionType)
    ->setDiscountAmount($discount)
    ->setStopRulesProcessing(0);
 
$skuCondition = Mage::getModel('salesrule/rule_condition_product')
                    ->setType('salesrule/rule_condition_product')
                    ->setAttribute('sku')
                    ->setOperator('==')
                    ->setValue($sku);
 
try {
    $shoppingCartPriceRule->getConditions()->addCondition($skuCondition);
    $shoppingCartPriceRule->save();
    $shoppingCartPriceRule->applyAll();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    Mage::getSingleton('core/session')->addError(Mage::helper('catalog')->__($e->getMessage()));
    return;
}